Gilgamesh and Ramayana - 1559 Words

An Epic Definition There was a time when gods and demons roamed the earth. A time when humanity lived at the mercy of divine beings, who executed their wills against the humans, following their own selfish desires and placing humans in a position of piety to these dominant beings. This time on earth is one of great men who fought against these demigods, giving them great fame passed on as stories in the oral tradition. Though it is unrealistic to believe that these men truly fought against divine beings, their stories played a role in the ancient world, which was the beginning of the formation of society and civilization. The epics of â€Å"Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Ramayana of Valmiki† both served their societies as an outline of a moral code,†¦show more content†¦These stories each detail the societies’ beliefs of what it takes to be a hero, whether it be saving the world from aliens in modern movies or slaying fearful beasts in ancient stories. â €Å"Gilgamesh† and â€Å"Ramayana† both possess great battle scenes where the heroic namesakes of their respective stories end up victorious against a foe that is thought to be unbeatable. Gilgamesh slays two beasts, Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven; while in â€Å"Ramayana†, Rama’s ultimate battle is against the demon Ravana. Gilgamesh’s impending battle with Humbaba is of concern to both his subjects and Enkidu, both of which feel that he will not have success. The citizens state, â€Å"We have heard of Humbaba, his features are grotesque, / Who is there who could face his weaponry (II.262-63)? Gilgamesh is successful in his battle with Humbaba and follows up his battle with another one against the Bull of Heaven, another divine beast that meets its doom at the hands of the great warrior. The defeat of these two great beasts gave Gilgamesh an even higher level of fame amongst his citizens; he was no longer a tyrannical ruler, but rather a gre at warrior. Rama’s defeat of Ravana was met with the realization that a mortal man had defeated a demon, â€Å"alas, he who could not be killed by the gods and demons, has been killed in battle by a man standing on earth† (755). The idea that a mortal can defeat anShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Ramayana1088 Words   |  5 PagesIn two ancient classics, we see a clear display of an abuse of power. In both The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Ramayana, we find protagonists who commit deeds of treachery in the name of slaying a monster. These slayings seem justified at first; however, as we examine them further we find that they are no more than heinous acts in the name of asserting power over the other. Both Gilgamesh and Rama kill monsters in the name of supporting what they believe in, but their beliefs are not always justifiedRead MoreFamily Relationships910 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies. A few of these countries are Babylonia, Greece, and India. I have fo und one story from each country or culture, to show examples of families relationships and there importance to those affected by them. These three stories are Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, and The Ramayana. In the ancient country of Babylonia, there are a few things that have affected today’s world greatly. In western society some aspects of modern family relationships can be traced to ancient Babylonia. Ideas such as the weddingRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh, And The Mahabharata971 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as: the Ramayana, The Epic of Gilgamesh, and the Mahabharata. Each of these texts depicts a hero or protagonist that is unique to their culture and although each of these heroes embark on a different journey with different purposes and goals in mind, they all display a variety of features that people of then and now can relate to. It becomes transparent that each of the journeys these heroes undertake are a lot like that of the lives of people today. The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of theRead MoreA Leader Is Good And Ethics Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic to develop the capabilities of others instead of accentuating their own skills. The epics of Gilgamesh and The Ramayana present opposing perspectives of effective leadership based on the personal integrity of one’s morality and ethical standards. In Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is a very terrifying ruler, he harasses his subjects and oppresses them under his tyranny. In contrast, in The Ramayana, Rama is a very different kind of leader. He acts in accordance to the code of dharma, showing the wayRead MoreEast Vs. West Literature Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2016 East vs. West Literature Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚   Eastern and Western Literature has so many unique characteristics of their own. Eastern Literature usually deals with epics such as The Ramayana and Confucius. While Western Literature typically are epics like Beowulf, The Odyssey, and similar characteristics are also in Gilgamesh.   These types of literatures are so rich in their text and have so many different beliefs.   The Eastern and Western Literature compares throughout topics like gender roles, the influenceRead MoreElements Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh918 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Indian epic The Ramayana of Valmiki. The vital characteristics of the genre of heroic epic tales is that the hero must overcome some sort of obstacle, the tale must include supernatural forces, and must incorporate societal improvement as the result of the hero’s triumph. These characteristics are incredibly clear through the tale of Gilgamesh. In the story, there are many obstacles that Gilgamesh must overcome. For instance, the Gods, with the goal of forcing Gilgamesh to become a better kingRead MoreGreek Myths And Stories Serve A Greater Purpose1799 Words   |  8 PagesGreek myths and stories serve a greater purpose than to simply entertain someone. These stories also serve as a way to teach important lessons and explain the history of certain things. Although the Epic of Gilgamesh, The Illiad,The Ramayana, and the Golden Compass are all very different they all have similar aspects that connect the stories and serve a greater purpose. These myths and stories serve as an insider into what it was like to live in that specific society. Myths allow us to learn whatRead MoreThe Epic of Beowulf733 Words   |  3 Pagesnational hero ( he is recognized, rewarded and glorified by the king himself and his people), his travel on the sea, his adventures and the heroic episodes hes the central figure in. Moreover, the main protagonist, Beowulf, is a brave young man, like Gilgamesh, Achilles or Hercules, with more-than-human strength and wiser, more courageous than others. Unlike the other epic heroes we have studied untill now, Beowulf is giving us a detailed self-description when he meets the king :In my youth I have doneRead MoreReligion Vs Ramayana1528 Words   |  7 Pages The Ramayana is one of the world’s oldest religious epics, dating back to roughly 7,000 B.C. and only first being written down around 500 B.C. Compare this to the Bible, in which scholars believe that writing began for the Old Testament around 5,000 B.C. Both of these texts have been continually updated since their respective creations. Since the Ramayana was first only an oral story, it continually went through progressive changes, with its first written incarnation taking place around 500 B.CRead MoreThe Modern Epic of Batman Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesearliest known epic today is The Epic of Gilgamesh. This tale is about Gilgamesh’s search for eternal life. Although epics have been around for thousands of years, the epic tradition still has an enormous impact on modern writing and film. In fact, Batman, a story about Bruce Wayne trying to conquer all criminals in Gotham, can be seen as modern epic. An epic must have a vast setting, start â€Å"in medias res† and consist epithets. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, he travels to an island that no human has

The Expectancy Theory of Motivation - 670 Words

In today’s workforce there are many reasons why individuals get up every day and go to work. For most it is because they have bills to pay and this leads to their motivation to work is for the outcome of a paycheck. That is true for most, but how does motivation apply to an individual once they are at work and must perform their daily duties? No matter that is painting houses or a high level CIO building the backbone of a fortune 500 company, these individuals’ performances are based on their expectations of something in return. Some may put out more effort than others for their various reasons. How does a supervisor, director or owner get peek productivity out of there employees? The Expectancy Theory of Motivation was first coined by Victor Vroom at Yale University in 1964. This theory lays outs the process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over another. It also explains how they make decisions to achieve the end they seek. Vroom introduces three variables within the theory which are valence (V), expectancy (E) and instrumentality (I). The three elements are behind choosing one element over another because they are clearly defined: effort-performance expectancy (EP expectancy), performance-outcome expectancy (PO expectancy). (Rao, 2000) In the case of the audio products company there are several issues with the new production process which can be explained by the relationships of the three previously stated elements: 1. Effort-Performance RelationshipShow MoreRelatedExpectancy Theory of Motivation670 Words   |  3 PagesExpectancy Theory of Motivation In a business, what motivates employees to do their best? One theory that may explain the reasons why some employees seem more motivated than others is the Expectancy theory of motivation. The Expectancy theory operates under the assumption that employees will perform well based on self-belief and how much they desire the rewards their actions will render. Three key components and relationships in this theory determine how motivated an employee will choose to be:Read MoreExpectancy Theory of Motivation714 Words   |  3 PagesExpectancy Theory of Motivation, an approach to improving performance. Mark R. Mattox Western Governors University Expectancy Theory of Motivation â€Å"Expectancy Theory - A theory that says that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.† (Judge 07/2012, p. 224) Explanation of the Three ComponentsRead MoreMotivation Theory And Expectancy Theory Of Motivation1742 Words   |  7 Pagesplace. This problem mainly occurs in organisation when there is lack of motivation, lack of organisational justice, negative culture and low morale. The purpose of this case study is to give brief view about, why employees had to face these problems and how to make positive culture and what and where the changes are required for the WA force. This report introduces MARS motivation theory and Expectancy theory of motivation for improves officers’ behaviours towards force, with that how can they fillRead MoreThe Expectancy Theory Of Motivation917 Words   |  4 Pages3.2 Theories Victor H. Vroom’s Theory (1964) developed the Expectancy Theory of Motivation. This theory is a behavioral theory that one behavior of an individual will be chosen over another type of behavior when positive performance will lead to desirable rewards. Figure 3.3 will illustrate the three components to this theory: expectancy, instrumentality, and valance, and show how the variables of Vroom’s theory is designed. Expectancy is the expectations how people perceive to meet the performanceRead MoreExpectancy Theory of Motivation Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesThe expectancy theory of motivation, which was first produced by Victor Vroom, has become a generally accepted theory for explaining how individuals make decisions concerning different behavioural alternatives. According to Vroom to motivate someone mere offer a person something to satisfy his important needs will not be adequate. In order for the person to be motivated, he must also be convincingly sure that he has the ability to obtain the reward. An employee’s motivation increases when he valuesRead MoreThe Vroom Expectancy Motivation Theory Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen some lack of motivation from Paul. According to Robbins, S. P. Judge, (184). Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal. In this paper, I will use the Vroom Expectancy Motivation Theory to explain Jeannine Savaria’s motivation and what can her supervisor do to improve her motivation. Savaria’s motivation can be supported through the Vroom Expectancy Motivation Theory. This theory links the performanceRead MoreThe Expectancy Theory Of Employee Motivation868 Words   |  4 Pages This approach of recognizing and rewarding employees for their performance was first introduced by Victor Vroom in 1964 known as the Expectancy Theory. When employees are engaged they will exceed organizational expectations and function with a sense of ownership in their place of employment (Malik, (2012). Hema and Washington (2014) state, employee motivation is gained when subordinates are empowered; giving staff power and authority to make the choices without having to wait for management’sRead MoreMotivation, Self Determination Theory, And Expectancy Theory863 Words   |  4 Pages(2001-2016). Motivational theories can help support an employee to progress in the workplace; a few theories such as Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Acquired Needs Theory, Self -Determination theory, and expectancy theory relate to my professional life. I will explain if I agree/disagree with my PsyCap self-assessment and some developing strategies to advance in my career using my strengths. Also, I will talk about how I can employ goal-setting to increase motivation, and how my engagementsRead MoreExpectancy Theory of Motivation at Use in the Workplace1229 Words   |  5 Pages1 EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION AT USE IN THE WORKPLACE Leadership Concepts and Applications LET1 Student#: March 30, 2012 2 What is Motivation? Motivation is a word popularly used to explain why people behave as they do. Some psychologists and scientists view motivation as the factor that determines behavior, as expressed in the phrase â€Å"all behavior is motivated† (World Book, 1992). Some scientists view motivation as the factor that energizes behavior. According to this

War Is Not a Game free essay sample

War Is Not a Game Etgar Keret’s â€Å"Not Human Beings† is the story of Schmulik Stein, a soldier who is young and jaded by the realities of death and violence. As an officer during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, he is forced to recognize the serious nature of conflict he is involved in when he is recruited to go with Israeli border patrol officers. He is then put to the greatest test of all, to dehumanize, stand his ground and witness things he may never be able to forget. At the end of the story Stein realizes that this is no longer a game but life and death. Keret suggests that while some people are exposed to the atrocities of war become demonized by it; others remain intact with their humanity but can ultimately become lost individuals due to the trauma. While the Israeli border patrol officers refer to certain races as not human beings shows their lack of respect toward the human race, it is fair to say they have been demonized. We will write a custom essay sample on War Is Not a Game or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Stein, however, deplores the depreciating value of human life and is beaten by fellow officers for objecting to the cruel treatment of an old Arab man. Violence unfolds before his eyes, watching as a man is destroyed as if he were not a man at all. Rather than admitting what is happening in front of him, Stein pictures things from a different perspective. Taking what one of the officers stated and using it, he views the Arab man as an object instead of a human being. This is what ultimately helps him cope mentally, with the situation in his own way. In the beginning of the story is a young man who is merely more concerned with his backgammon game than the war that is at hand. He is in the beginning portrayed as an ignorant and impatient man, naive to the fact that he is in fact in the middle of war. As he so simply states to his comrade â€Å"If you don’t shoot the dice, I’ll go to the personnel officer right now and ask him to send me. Maybe with those guys. I’ll at least be able to finish a game. † (755) When driving into the city with the four patrol officers, he watches as one of the officers (the mute) hits an Arab bystander walking down the street, the other officers laughing and not concerned for the man at all. â€Å"You ran him over on purpose, you psycho, you ran over a human being on purpose† (757) He asked furiously. While this victim lies on the floor the officers bring another Arab and begin beating him. Enough† (757) Stein protested. As others continued their beatings and Stein being prevented from helping either of the men, they try to justify their reasons â€Å"they might look like us on the outside, but they’re not. † (757) They stand one of the Arabs men up to show Stein exactly what they meant, Stein att empts to move toward the man but is hit over the head by the mute with his truncheon and forced to watch as they cut the man across his â€Å"trembling stomach† (758) Watching candy, phones, coins and other objects fall from the man, Stein faints. He wakes under a tent in a bed slowly gets up and he grabs a knife with a broken compass and follows the â€Å"phosphorescent needle† not knowing where it leads. By the end of the story is seems that he has had no other option than to realize that this is all more than a backgammon game, it’s no game at all. For this Stein is a dynamic character, he transitions from an inexperienced boy to a man who has seen men being murdered in front of his face and yet at the same time did not join in and think it was right. Etgar Keret uses third person limited omniscient which allows his readers to have an indirect access to Stein’s feelings with an exception of the beginning of the story when leaving with the patrol officers he thinks â€Å"It’s not so bad. Only a week. † Concentrating on Stein the entire story his actions and words give the reader the opportunity to form their own emotional responses to the events. Being able to feel what Stein is feeling although not physically but mentally, it’s as if the reader is watching the story unfold in front of your own eyes. At the end of the story, for a moment Stein too is guilty of dehumanizing the old Arab, when he pictures the man as an object rather than seeing the reality of the brutality he imagines things that are unrealistic, as do the officers when referring to the man’s insides â€Å"Don’t touch the candy. It’s poisoned. †(758) Had Keret used first person, the reader would be more in sync with what the narrator felt which would have manipulated the story and would not have allowed the reader to create their own ideas or emotions, it would have been the main character telling the reader how they felt.